Non-verbal communication: withdrawal, isolation and defense of the turf
Once the invasion occurs, people react in one of four ways; withdrawal, isolation, defense of the turf and linguistic collusion. Withdrawal is getting away from the invader. Isolation is building boundaries for invaders. Lawn defense is when the owner ejects the invader. Linguistic collusion is the verbal aggression of the invader to make him feel unwanted and unjustified. A person reacts differently depending on the invader. According to the text, these are the factors that influence territorial defense. 1) Who was the invader? 2) Why did they invade? 3) What territory did they invade? 4) How did they invade? 5) How long did the invasion last? 6) Will they do it again? 7) Where did it happen? Most of this is done simultaneously. All of these factors will determine the defense and any future preventive measures taken to defend the territory.
Differences in personal space between international cultures
In the United States, we are more comfortable communicating from greater distances than in Latin America. In the US, people are uncomfortable with men holding hands, but in the Middle East, this is normal. In the United States, we shake hands as a normal greeting, but in Italy; there is a hug and kiss on the cheek. The French are like the Americans in that they are very comfortable with distance. I think the differences are too subtle to explain and that it would not be accurate to generalize. This is because in the US there are differences from state to state and from region to region. Stereotypes really need to be examined to say precisely that all people are the same in a given place.
What effect does overcrowding in a city’s living environment have on the way its citizens view personal living space?
Overcrowding or living in a high-density area, such as New York, affects the vision of territory and space. The streets and living space in New York City are very crowded and give a person a different reality than someone who lives in Columbia, South Carolina. In New York, there is always someone there. The defense mechanisms are different from someone who lives in a small town. Statistics show that high-density areas are plagued with a greater number of human problems than low-density areas. It could be assumed that this is due to the number of people and also the constant invasion, violation and contamination of the space. This fact also leads to increased isolation. More police and security are needed in high-density areas. People in high-density areas also seem less friendly. This is a survival mechanism that is used to live in a high-density area. In addition, there is more territorial defense and, therefore, more violence in high-density areas.
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